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Hacker News · 2026/8/2 02:07:09

Show HN: I'm a 15 Year Old Wannabe Engineer, This Is a Cycloidal Gearbox I Built
AI 中文解读
一位15岁少年在Hacker News上展示了自己亲手设计的摆线齿轮箱,还配套写了Python脚本来生成模型。这个齿轮箱能实现1比9的减速比,主体用3D打印制作,配合NEMA 17步进电机,实测输出扭矩达到1.3牛·米,效率约66%。他前后做了三个版本,从手动验证原理,到微型化失败,再到最终成功,过程非常典型。
通俗讲,摆线齿轮箱就像一种“扭曲”的齿轮组,能把电机的高速旋转变成大力但慢速的转动,常用于机器人和自动化设备。这位少年不仅会机械设计,还自己写算法生成齿轮曲线,等于把设计和制造流程压缩到一个脚本里,普通人也能复制他的方法去定制类似零件。
这事儿对普通人的启发在于:开源硬件和3D打印越来越成熟,一个中学生就能完成过去需要专业工程师团队才能做的机械设计。未来你想做个小机器人、自制工具,可能不需要从零画图,只需跑一下脚本,按需调整参数就能打印出定制齿轮。这也意味着,机械制造的门槛正在大幅降低,DIY和创新会变得更加普及。
Cycloidal Gearbox ⚙️
This is my cycloidal gearbox I built, and the python script I created to generate it!
Design Process
Version 1
This gearbox was a handcranked gearbox specifically meant to test the validity of the python cycloidal generator. It had a gear ratio of 1:9.
Version 2
This design was a micro cycloidal gearbox with a ratio of 1:9, meant to only take up the same footprint as a NEMA 17. Due to the tight tolerances needed for a small cycloidal drive and the lack of precision offered by 3D printing, this design did not work.
Version 3
This gearbox was the first working version to run on a NEMA 17. It has a larger footprint compared to Version 2 allowing greater tolerances and a fully functional design.
🛠️ The Python Script
This python script was based on the SolidWorks article Building a Cycloidal Drive with SOLIDWORKS. The two main parametric equations I used were:
$$x = R \cos(t) - E \cos(N t) - r \cos(t + \psi), \quad y = R \sin(t) - E \sin(N t) - r \sin(t + \psi)$$
$$\psi = \text{atan2}\left(\sin((1 - N) t), \frac{R}{E \cdot N} - \cos((1 - N) t)\right)$$
Reduction ratio: $1 : (N - 1)$ (rotor rotates opposite to input shaft).
Installation & Execution
Clone the repo
Open Fusion 360 and launch Scripts and Add-Ins (Shift + S).
Under the Scripts tab, click + (Plus) to add a script.
Select the cycloidal_generator folder and click Run.
Key Parameters
Pins ($N$) & Pitch Radius ($R$): Sets outer stationary housing geometry (Rotor has $N-1$ lobes).
Eccentricity ($E$): Input shaft offset distance. (Constraint: $R > E \cdot N$).
Outer Pin Radius ($r$): Roller pin radius. (Constraint: validated against undercut limit $r_{\text{max}}$).
Precision / Profile Offset: Angular step size and tolerance offset ($+$ for 3D print clearance).
Output Pins & Bolt Radius: Defines concentric output pins and rotor clearance holes ($r_{\text{pin}} + E$).
🚀 Version 3 — Detailed Overview & Stats
NoteThis section is dedicated to Version 3, whose CAD files can be found under cad_models/version_3.
Key Specifications & Performance Stats
Metric / Parameter
Value / Detail
Gear Ratio
1:9 ($N=10$ outer pins, 9 rotor lobes)
Outer Diameter
9.0 cm (90 mm)
Drive Motor
NEMA 17 Stepper Motor (42bygh40-A24dh)
3D Printing Material
PLA
Primary Fasteners / Hardware
4× M3 × 8 screws, 2× 6704 Bearings
Tolerance Offset Applied
+0.15 mm (+0.015 cm) all around
Gearbox Torque
1.3 N·m ± 0.007 N·m
Base NEMA 17 Torque
0.21 N·m ± 0.007 N·m
Efficiency
66% ± 0.22%
Further room for growth
The housing pins can be replaced with MR128 bearings allowing for less friction and higher efficiency in the gearbox.
The output pins can be replaced with M2 screws with metal coverings to increase rigidity, maximum torque output, and the efficiency of the gearbox.
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